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Banda (opera)
In opera, a ''banda'' (Italian for ''band'') refers to a musical ensemble (normally of wind instruments) which is used in addition to the main orchestra and plays the music which is actually heard by the characters in the opera. A ''banda sul palco'' (band on the stage) was prominently used in Rossini's Neapolitan operas.〔Gossett, Philip (2008). (''Divas and Scholars: Performing Italian Opera'' ), p. 607. University of Chicago Press〕 Verdi used the term ''banda'' to refer to a ''banda sul palco'', as in the score for ''Rigoletto''. He used the term ''banda interna'' (internal band), to refer to a band which is still separate from the orchestra but heard from the off-stage wings. The early scores of ''La traviata'' use a ''banda interna''.〔Jackson, Roland John (2005). (''Performance Practice: A Dictionary-Guide for Musicians'' ), p. 434. Routledge〕
==Origins==
Diegetic depictions of music making are present in the earliest operatic depictions of Orpheus accompanying himself but larger onstage ensembles seem to have first appeared in ''Don Giovanni'', most spectacularly in the polymetric Act I ball where the wind ''Harmonie'' is joined by two violin-and-bass bands to simultaneously accompany minuet, contradance and waltz. Giovanni Paisiello's opera ''Pirro'', which opened weeks later in December 1787, marks the first use of the term ''banda'' in the sense of a wind band. While Almaviva's serenade is accompanied from the pit in both Paisiello's (1782) and Rossini's (1816) ''Il barbiere di Siviglia'', by 1818 Rossini's opera ''Ricciardo e Zoraide'' the ''banda'' was established as an independent institution in Italian opera houses.〔Julian Budden: ''Stage band'', in 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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